## Sources

1. [Sex and Gender in Human Skeletal Biology: Slow Movement Beyond the Binary](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-anthro-041224-020806?TRACK=RSS)
2. [Reproductive Policing: A Review](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-criminol-032924-042228?TRACK=RSS)
3. [Credit and Exports: Lessons From Micro-Level Data](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-economics-051624-055456?TRACK=RSS)
4. [Bank Failures: The Roles of Solvency and Liquidity](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-financial-111524-123051?TRACK=RSS)

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### **Bank Failures: The Roles of Solvency and Liquidity** by Sergio Correia, Stephan Luck, and Emil Verner

*   **Main Arguments**:
    *   Bank failures generally arise from two primary sources: **liquidity crises** (runs on solvent banks) or **insolvency** (losses that render a bank unable to meet obligations regardless of withdrawal activity) [1].
    *   The authors argue that disentangling these two roles is vital for understanding financial crises and for the **design of effective stability policies** [1].
    *   The review posits that bank failures, whether or not they involve a run, are almost universally rooted in **poor economic fundamentals** [1].

*   **Key Takeaways**:
    *   Most banks that fail during a run were likely **fundamentally insolvent** to begin with, a conclusion supported by historically low recovery rates following such failures [1].
    *   Postmortem assessments conducted by examiners consistently highlight **poor asset quality** and solvency issues as the primary drivers of failure [1].
    *   While runs can trigger the collapse of insolvent institutions, they **rarely cause the failure of strong, healthy banks** [1].

*   **Important Details**:
    *   Historically, strong banks have avoided collapse during runs through various support mechanisms, including **interbank cooperation, equity injections, public signals of financial strength, or the suspension of convertibility** [1].
    *   The source serves as a review of existing evidence regarding these causes and provides a framework for future research and policy implications [1].

### **Credit and Exports: Lessons From Micro-Level Data** by Banu Demir and Veronica Rappoport

*   **Main Arguments**:
    *   A firm's **financial condition** is a critical determinant of its ability to enter, survive, and successfully grow within export markets [2].
    *   The availability of credit directly shapes the **volume and trajectory of exports** at the micro-level [2].

*   **Key Takeaways**:
    *   The interaction between **bank credit and trade credit** creates specific channels that influence how export contracts are structured and maintained [2].
    *   Recent advances in **empirical strategies** and the increased availability of transaction-level data have allowed for a much more nuanced understanding of these financial mechanisms [2].

*   **Important Details**:
    *   The review focuses on **firm-level data** to explain the mechanisms linking finance to international trade [2].
    *   The article concludes by identifying **open questions** in the field, suggesting that while much has been learned from new data, the specific interactions between different types of credit still require further exploration [2].

### **Reproductive Policing: A Review** by Michele Goodwin and Allison M. Whelan

*   **Main Arguments**:
    *   The 2022 US Supreme Court ruling in ***Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization***, which overturned *Roe v. Wade*, has led to significant **legal and medical chaos**, characterized by increased surveillance of pregnancy and motherhood [3].
    *   The authors argue that **reproductive policing is not a new phenomenon**; its origins can be traced back centuries to the Antebellum period and the **commodification of women and children** [3].

*   **Key Takeaways**:
    *   Historical **fugitive slave laws** are cited as early examples of embedded surveillance and policing of bodies [3].
    *   The policing of reproduction has persisted through the decades, though it has **transformed in its methods and legal justifications** [3].
    *   The current landscape involves a "testing of the limits of law and legal order," resulting in **heightened policing of pregnant individuals** [3].

*   **Important Details**:
    *   The source provides an extensive list of literature and case law related to **pregnancy criminalization**, including cases like *Prigg v. Pennsylvania* and modern instances of women being prosecuted following miscarriages [3-5].
    *   Key concepts explored include **reproductive justice**, fetal protection laws, and the racialized history of pregnancy policing [4, 6, 7].

### **Sex and Gender in Human Skeletal Biology: Slow Movement Beyond the Binary** by Sean D. Tallman and Donovan M. Adams

*   **Main Arguments**:
    *   Despite academic discussions favoring a more expansive view of sex and gender, **binary classifications persist** in the actual practice (praxis) and teaching (pedagogy) of human skeletal biology [8].
    *   The field's reliance on these binaries is hindered by a history dominated by **cisgender, heteronormative white males** and a tendency to oversimplify biocultural variation to satisfy alliances with **law enforcement** [8].

*   **Key Takeaways**:
    *   Traditional methods often rely on **typological and essentialist renderings** of skeletal differences, which fail to account for the full spectrum of human biological diversity [8].
    *   There is a significant lack of **feminist and queer perspectives** in forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology [8].
    *   Moving toward **sex-expansive research** is necessary not only for scientific accuracy but also to affirm and protect **LGBTQIA+ livelihoods** [8].

*   **Important Details**:
    *   The authors identify specific barriers to progress, including **overt sexism, intersexphobia, transphobia, and homophobia** within the discipline [8].
    *   The article emphasizes the need for **ethical considerations** when conducting research that moves beyond the binary and suggests that such progress better reflects the actual science of **biocultural variation** [8].