## Sources 1. [Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Interventions](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-085912?TRACK=RSS) 2. [How Gesture Benefits Learning: A Working Framework for Examining Attention and Memory Mechanisms](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-111323-112334?TRACK=RSS) 3. [The Maternal Brain in Context: Systemic Physiological Changes Across Pregnancy](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-neuro-102124-043515?TRACK=RSS) 4. [Work Engagement: Feeling Happy, Motivated, and Resilient at Work](https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-020924-064233?TRACK=RSS) --- ### How Gesture Benefits Learning: A Working Framework for Examining Attention and Memory Mechanisms by Xiaohan (Hannah) Guo, Monica D. Rosenberg, Wilma A. Bainbridge, and Susan Goldin-Meadow * **The power of spontaneous gestures**: Spontaneous gestures produced alongside speech, known as co-speech gestures, play a crucial role in helping individuals think and learn [1]. * **Facilitating teacher-student interactions**: When students use gestures to explain a problem, they effectively communicate their level of understanding to their teachers [1]. This visual communication prompts teachers to tailor their instruction, ultimately leading to greater student progress [1]. * **A beneficial cycle of communication**: This dynamic back-and-forth interaction showcases how gesture fundamentally benefits and enhances the teaching and learning process [1]. * **A new working framework**: To explain exactly *how* gesture confers these cognitive benefits, the authors propose a working framework that focuses on the mediating roles of attention and memory [1]. * **Top-down and bottom-up cognitive processes**: The proposed framework speculates that the positive effects of gestures on learning are fashioned by **bottom-up and top-down processes in attention and memory**, as well as the complex interactions between these two systems [1]. * **Bridging research gaps for future application**: By connecting the distinct literatures on gesture and cognition, the authors hope to motivate future investigations into the underlying mechanisms of gesture-based learning [1]. Ultimately, this research aims to shed light on the **more effective use of gestures in natural settings, particularly within education** [1]. ### Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: Nonpharmacologic and Pharmacologic Interventions by Jennifer A. Watt, Zahinoor Ismail, Natasha Lane, Dallas Seitz, and Zahra Goodarzi * **Efficacy of nonpharmacologic treatments**: There is mounting clinical evidence supporting the efficacy of utilizing psychosocial or nonpharmacologic interventions to reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) [2]. * **Challenges in real-world clinical practice**: Despite this strong evidence base, clinical settings still struggle with the uptake and implementation of these nonpharmacologic interventions, and frequently face issues with the potential overuse of psychotropic medications [2]. * **The critical importance of deprescribing**: The review highlights the comparative risks and benefits of psychotropic drugs and strongly emphasizes the need to **deprescribe these psychotropic medications** whenever appropriate [2]. * **Holistic, person-centered care**: Effective management of BPSD requires exploring the potential underlying contributors to these symptoms, utilizing person-centered language, and implementing holistic care plans tailored to the individual [2]. * **Socio-clinical considerations**: Clinicians are urged to **consider the social determinants of health** when assessing and treating BPSD, alongside measuring clinically important changes in patient symptoms over time [2]. * **Comprehensive evaluation and recommendations**: The authors compare and contrast pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches, evaluate their individual and comparative efficacy, discuss the historical context of clinical management, and provide recommendations for the deimplementation of certain interventions and directions for future research [2]. ### The Maternal Brain in Context: Systemic Physiological Changes Across Pregnancy by Hannah Grotzinger, Magdalena Martínez-García, Eliza C. Miller, Ina A. Stelzer, María Carmen Collado, and Emily G. Jacobs * **Profound physiological adaptations**: During pregnancy, the maternal body undergoes massive, coordinated physiological adaptations to support the developing fetus, which includes dramatic shifts in immune regulation and the vascular system [3]. * **Significant neural remodeling**: Recent longitudinal studies in humans reveal that alongside these peripheral physical adaptations, **the maternal nervous system undergoes significant remodeling** [3]. * **Link to gonadal hormones**: This neural remodeling occurs in lockstep with the massive increases in gonadal hormone production that are characteristic of pregnancy [3]. * **The need for an integrative, holistic approach**: The authors argue that understanding the neural adaptations tied to pregnancy and the postpartum period requires a holistic approach that fully accounts for changes across multiple peripheral systems [3]. * **Impact of interconnected body systems**: The review specifically considers how the maternal brain is impacted by the **endocrine system, cardiovascular system, microbiome, and immune system** [3]. * **Mapping biological pathways**: By adopting this integrative, systemic approach, the researchers aim to map out the biological pathways that shape the maternal brain in both healthy, normative pregnancies and those complicated by adverse medical events [3]. ### Work Engagement: Feeling Happy, Motivated, and Resilient at Work by Jari J. Hakanen and Janne Kaltiainen * **Defining work engagement**: Work engagement is defined as an enduring, positive, affective-motivational state of employee well-being [4]. * **Core characteristics**: This highly desirable state of mind is specifically characterized by three main attributes: **vigor, dedication, and absorption** [4]. * **Decades of foundational research**: Drawing on over 20 years of research literature, the authors summarize abundant information regarding the key antecedents and consequences of work engagement [4]. * **Theoretical and contextual aspects**: The review discusses the main theoretical perspectives of work engagement, evaluates its temporal and social aspects, and provides a brief introduction to other conceptualizations of engagement at work [4]. * **Application in diverse operational settings**: The review explores how work engagement functions and fluctuates in various contexts, including among different employee groups, during periods of stressful organizational change, and within remote work environments [4]. * **Actionable interventions for improvement**: Finally, the authors detail different types of organizational interventions designed to boost work engagement, concluding with practical implications for managers and future research options for the field [4].